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<title>Telesensory Systems</title>

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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Telesensory Systems</span></span>

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<p><b>Telesensory Systems, Inc. (TSI)</b> (later<i> TeleSensory Corporation</i>) was an American corporation that invented, designed, manufactured, and distributed <a href="Assistive_technology" title="Assistive technology">technological aids</a> for <a href="Blindness" class="mw-redirect" title="Blindness">blind</a> and <a href="Low_vision" class="mw-redirect" title="Low vision">low vision</a> persons. TSI's products helped <a href="Visually_impaired" class="mw-redirect" title="Visually impaired">visually impaired</a> people work independently<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with computers and with ordinary printed materials.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>The <a href="Optacon" title="Optacon">Optacon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> TSI's first product, was conceived by <a href="Electrical_Engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrical Engineering">Electrical Engineering</a> Professor <a href="John_G._Linvill" title="John G. Linvill">John G. Linvill</a> as a means for his blind daughter, Candy, to read ordinary print. The Optacon development, led by <a href="James_C._Bliss" title="James C. Bliss">James C. Bliss</a>, involved dozens of engineers and scientists at <a href="Stanford_University" title="Stanford University">Stanford University</a> and at Stanford Research Institute (now <a href="SRI_International" title="SRI International">SRI International</a>) starting in 1962. Following the successful demonstration of a functional prototype in 1969, TSI was founded<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1970 in <a href="Palo_Alto" class="mw-redirect" title="Palo Alto">Palo Alto</a>, California, USA. TSI developed a line of products for blind people during the 1970s, and expanded into the low vision field in 1984.

</p><p>TSI's products for blind people employed either tactile or auditory means of conveying information; its low vision products increased the size and contrast of <a href="Video_magnifier" title="Video magnifier">printed material</a> or <a href="Screen_magnifier" title="Screen magnifier">computer screen images</a>. Some TSI products consisted of software only, but most also needed custom electronics hardware.

</p><p>For thirty-five years TSI provided electronic assistive devices to visually impaired persons worldwide.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Concurrently computer technology improved and computer operating systems began to incorporate accessibility options such as speech <a href="Screen_readers" class="mw-redirect" title="Screen readers">screen readers</a> or magnification for no cost. Having changed its name to "TeleSensory", the company shifted its focus to low visions products and stopped manufacturing blindness products in the early 1990s.

</p><p>In March, 2005, TeleSensory, the former TSI, abruptly declared <a href="Chapter_7%2C_Title_11%2C_United_States_Code" title="Chapter 7, Title 11, United States Code">Chapter 7 bankruptcy</a> and all its employees were escorted from the building.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In August, 2005, InSiPhil (S) Pte Ltd. of Singapore purchased TeleSensory's intellectual property and remaining assets and resumed production of some of the low vision products under the name and logo of TeleSensory. As of early 2010, these products are available in 50 countries.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_products_for_blind_people">Selected products for blind people</h2></div>

<ul><li><a href="Optacon" title="Optacon">Optacon</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1970 (<a href="Haptic_perception" title="Haptic perception">tactile</a> facsimile machine for reading ordinary print)</li>

<li>Speech+ Calculator,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1975 (calculator with <a href="Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">synthesized speech</a> output)</li>

<li>VERT,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1979 (speech output <a href="Screen_reader" title="Screen reader">screen reader</a> for computer access)</li>

<li>VersaBraille,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 1979 (personal computer with <a href="Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">refreshable braille display</a>)</li>

<li>OsCar,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an <a href="Optical_character_recognition" title="Optical character recognition">optical character recognition</a> speech output reading machine</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Selected_products_for_visually_impaired_people">Selected products for visually impaired people</h2></div>

<ul><li>Vista<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (screen enlarger for computer access)</li>

<li>Vantage (closed-circuit TV magnifier for print or images)</li>

<li>Aladdin<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="Video_magnifier" title="Video magnifier">video magnifier</a>)</li>

<li>PICO (handheld video magnifier)</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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